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《地球脉动2》  第一季  第六集

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在过去的六千年
英语解说  大卫·爱登堡
In the last 6,000 years

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地球的表面发生了突然的变化
the surface of our planet has undergone a sudden change.

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一个新的栖息地已经出现
A new habitat has appeared,

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完全人为设计和建造的这个景观
entirely designed and constructed
by one species for its own purpose.

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也许会对动物的生命造成威胁
This man-made landscape may seem alien to animal life

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但对于勇者来说  这是一个充满奇妙机遇的世界
but for the bold, this is a world of surprising opportunity.

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城市

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印度焦特布尔市
Jodhpur, India.

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一群单身的雄性长尾叶猴
A gang of bachelor male langurs

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前来挑战这块领地的雄性首领
has come to challenge the resident alpha male.

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他统治着这片珍贵的城市领土
This alpha rules over a valuable urban territory.

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但维护权威是一场长期的斗争
But maintaining dominance here is a constant struggle.

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单身雄猴们联合起来试图推翻猴王
The bachelors have united to try and overthrow him.

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如果他们胜利了  其中一位挑战者
If they win, one of the challengers

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将继承猴王的后宫
will take over the alpha's troop of females,

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并杀死他的幼崽
and may kill his infants.

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这个单身猴群里有十五只公猴
There are 15 males in this bachelor group.

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猴王必须把他们全部逐出自己的领地
The alpha must evict every single one of them from his territory.

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他已经赶走了半数挑战者
He has chased half the bachelors away,

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但有一支小分队折了回来
but a splinter group has looped back

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正在骚扰他的母猴们
and is harassing his females.

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他不得不再次加入战斗
Once again, he has to battle.

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终于赶走了所有来犯者
Finally, he manages to expel them all.

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他凯旋而归
He returns home victorious,

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但右腿受了重伤
but with a serious wound on his right leg.

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对他而言  城市生活布满荆棘
It's a hard life for him in the city.

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每天都上演着入侵驱逐战
Keeping the intruders away is a daily challenge.

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但一切都值得
But it's worth it.

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对长尾叶猴来说
For these urban territories

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这边城区也许是世上最优良的栖息地
are probably the best langur territories in the world.

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因为遍地都是觅食场
They're filled with rich feeding grounds.

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在这些寺院花园中
Here in the temple gardens,

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几百年来  长尾叶猴与人类建立了一种奇妙的关系
the langurs have, over centuries,
developed a surprising relationship.

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这层关系为猴群提供了源源不断的食物
One that guarantee's them a constantly replenished source of food.

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当地人将长尾叶猴视为印度教中猴神哈奴曼的化身
The people here associate langurs
with the Hindu God, Lord Hanuman,

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对他们毕恭毕敬
and revere them.

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珍馐佳肴  应有尽有
They're given all the food they can eat.

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优质饮食带来了生育高峰
And this high-energy diet has led to a baby boom.

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城市里雌性长尾叶猴的生育率
Female langurs in this city

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是森林中同类的两倍
give birth to twice as many young as their forest counterparts.

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这只母猴伙食很好  奶水充足到
This mother is so well fed that her rich milk

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能养育起野外极其罕见的小生命
can support something rarely seen in the wild.

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双胞胎
Twins.

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这些幼崽聚集成群
And all these babies can create troops

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队伍比周边森林里的要大得多
that are far larger than those found in the forests nearby.

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觅食时间缩短  使得他们有更多时间可以玩耍
With less time spent looking for food,there is more time for play.

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生活在城市中好处良多
The rewards of living in a city can be huge.

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难的是如何寻找自己的一席之地
The challenge is to find your niche.

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这样一个世界  并不是专为野生动物的
But how to create a home in
a world that wasn't designed for wildlife?

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灯光  声音和忙碌超过任何地方的自然世界
It's far brighter,
louder and busier than anywhere in the natural world.

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持续的交通造成了动物运动的障碍
The continuous traffic creates barriers to animal movement.

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今后十年  城市面积预计将
And in this decade,the urban environment

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扩张约百分之三十
is predicted to grow by nearly 30%.

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更重要的是  来这里的
What's more, to come here,

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动物必须与世界顶级捕食者竞争
animals have to compete with the world's top predator.

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人们建立了这里的规则
People makes the rules here.

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四十亿人口现在居住在城市环境中
Four billion human beings now live in the urban environment.

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在这里  动物必须抗争最大的变化
It's here that animals have to contend
with the greatest change

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发生在我们的星球
that is happenning to the face our planet.

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所以为什么会有动物想来这里呢
So why would any animal
want to come here?

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纽约市
New York City.

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这座高楼林立的城市  与地球上许多地方一样远离自然
This densely built-up landscape
is as unnatural as anywhere on Earth.

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而这只游隼正站在高处  俯瞰这座城市
And yet this wild peregrine
falcon looks out onto an ideal habitat.

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奇怪的是  这片变化巨大的土地
Strange as it may seem, this vastly-altered landscape

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竟然重现了游隼进化的生境
replicates the conditions in which peregrines evolved.

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高耸的建筑上面有许多平台
The towering buildings have a multitude of ledges

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可供游隼筑巢
on which falcons can nest

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鸟巢高度也足够他们乘风飞翔
and the high perches that they need to catch the wind.

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纽约市的游隼密度
New York City has the highest density

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居世界之最
of nesting peregrines anywhere on the planet.

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风被摩天大楼阻挡后会向上偏转
Winds striking the sides of the skyscrapers

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有利于游隼飞得更高
are deflected upwards and can help the birds gain height.

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烈日下大面积的混凝土散发的热量形成上升热气流
And the great areas of concrete
roasting in the sun create thermals,

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so that, with very little effort，
游隼不费吹灰之力便可以在城市上空翱翔
the birds can soar over the city.

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不计其数的游隼定居于此
And so many peregrines can live here,

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是因为城市近地面生活着许多猎物
because down at street level,
there is a lot of potential prey.

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游隼俯冲时的飞行时速
Diving from height, the falcons can reach speeds

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超过时速三百二十二公里
of over 200 miles an hour.

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但猎物躲在低处  离建筑物很近
But their prey stay down low and close to the buildings.

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风险太大了
Too risky.

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它停止了俯冲
The peregrine pulls out of his stoop.

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但辛苦不会白费
But the effort is not wasted.

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游隼需要将猎物驱赶到开阔地带
The falcons need to flush their prey into the open.

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曼哈顿四面环水
And Manhattan is surrounded by water.

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出城后便可谓胜券在握
Out here the odds change.

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正中游隼下怀
And in the peregrine's favour.

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一年到头都有着丰富的食物
With abundant prey here all year round,

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仅用了四十年
it has taken only 40 years

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游隼在此建立栖息地
for these falcons to establish themselves here.

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穿梭在摩登大厦中
And now, among skyscrapers, they're more successful

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与旷野中的同类相比  它们更胜一筹
than their cousins living in the wilderness.

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印度孟买人口超过两千万
Mumbai, in India, is home to over 20 million people..

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也生存着许多猎食者
And there are predators here

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尽管难得一见  也着实令人胆战心惊
that, though rarely seen, are rightly feared.

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食肉动物们
Carnivores,

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正向着毫无戒心的猎物
lured by the prospect of plentiful unsuspecting prey

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一步步靠近
are on the prowl.

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一只金钱豹
A leopard.

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在夜色的掩护下  他们每晚都会出来猎食
Every night, under the cover of darkness they come out to hunt.

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大型食肉动物需要
These are big animals,

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寻找大型猎物才能充饥
and they're looking for large prey to satisfy their hunger.

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为了多捕捉一些画面揭示他们的猎食行为
To catch more than a glimpse of
them and reveal their hunting behaviour,

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我们需要夜视摄像机
you need night-vision cameras.

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在过去的二十五年里
Leopards have attacked almost 200 people here

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金钱豹袭击过约两百个人
in the last 25 years.

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但人类并不是他们日常的捕食对象
But humans are not their usual prey.

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这些金钱豹在寻找其他猎物
These leopards are on the hunt for something else.

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猪
Pigs.

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他们更喜欢人类圈养在城市里
These leopards prefer to hunt the domestic animals

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数量可观的家畜
that people have brought to the city in considerable numbers.

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猪喜欢群居
The pigs keep their family close.

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城市里无休止的嘈杂为金钱豹提供了便利
The ceaseless noise of the city plays to their advantage.

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掩盖了他们的脚步
It conceals their approach.

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金钱豹利用掩护能在全城各地捕猎
And the leopards are using this cover to hunt all over the city.

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这个种群日益繁荣
This is a thriving population.

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事实上  世界上金钱豹数量最多的地方
In fact, the highest concentration of leopards in the world

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就是这里
is right here.

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充足的食物并不是吸引野生动物迁入城市的唯一要素
It's not only the abundance of food
that attracts wild animals to cities.

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城市的气温通常比郊外略高几度
They're usually several degrees
warmer than the surrounding countryside.

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十二月的罗马
And here in Rome, in Decembe

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有一种动物充分利用着这丝温暖
one animal is taking full advantage of this extra heat.

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在城市中留下自己的印记
And it's leaving it's mark.

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冬季的每一天
In a single winter's day,

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都有十吨粪便雨降临这座城市
ten tonnes of its droppings rain down on the city.

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欧椋鸟
Starlings.

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夜晚  它们在郊外摄食后
In the evening, they come back to the warmth of the city

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返回温暖的城市
after feeding in the neighbouring countryside.

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它们必须返回栖息地
They must return to their roosting trees.

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但第一个回来的最有可能
But the first to do so are at the highest risk

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被猛禽袭击
of being caught by birds of prey.

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所以它们等候大部队一同抵达
So, they wait for others to arrive.

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数量越多就越安全
There's safety in numbers.

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天光渐暗  城市上空被数百万只欧椋鸟占据
As daylight fades, the sky fills
with a staggering one million starlings.

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上演一场蔚然壮观的自然演出
And then follows one of nature's great spectaculars.

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它们是如何  又是为何成群起舞
How, or indeed why, they perform these marvellous aerobatics,

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至今我们还无法完全理解
we still do not fully understand.

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Eventually, en masse，they brave the descent
最终  它们会成群结队地降落

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挑选最喜欢的树枝落脚
and fill the branches of their favourite trees.

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在这样寒冷的冬夜里
On these cold winter nights, the city's extra warmth

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城市的温暖可能事关生死存亡
can mean the difference between life and death.

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城市不仅能提供大量食物与庇护所
A city, of course, can provide

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还有许多宝藏
not only shelter and abundant food, but glamour.

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这些精心挑选的小物件
These varied objects have been carefully chosen

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颜色鲜艳  溢彩流光
by a bird for their brightness and their colour.

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这只园丁鸟花了十余年时间
This great bowerbird has spent over a decade

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收集了这些物品  其中大部分是人造装饰
building this collection of mostly man-made objects.

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澳大利亚汤斯维尔市的高尔夫球场上
Out on a golf course in Townsville, Australia,

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他正在为这座巨型凉亭做最后的修饰
he's putting the final touches to his enormous bower,

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争取能够博得来访雌鸟的青睐
that he hopes will impress a visiting female.

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他每天都会花两小时来调整装饰物的布局
He spends two hours each day rearranging his prized objects.

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“放在那边可能更好看一点”
"Perhaps that would look a little better over there."

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可似乎还是差了点什么
But it seems that something is missing.

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他没有进城去找新装饰
Instead of going into town to collect new objects,

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而是决定抢劫邻居
he's decided to raid his neighbour's bower.

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“晾衣夹  太棒了”
"A clothes peg! Excellent!"

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“还有一辆闪亮的玩具车”
"And a shiny toy car."

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如果被发现就不好玩了
It's a risky game if you get caught.

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主人回来了
The owner is back.

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有一座凉亭  值得去冒险
There is one bower where the risk is worth it.

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一件特别的物品吸引了他的目光
A particular object has caught his eye.

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他需要等主人离开
He'll have to wait for the owner to leave.

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机会来了
This is his chance.

164
00:22:22,110 --> 00:22:23,530
这是真正的宝贝
A real treasure.

165
00:22:23,620 --> 00:22:25,240
深红色的心
A scarlet heart.

166
00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:32,120
“拿到了”
"Got it."

167
00:22:34,420 --> 00:22:37,960
供雌鸟参观的舞台已经准备就绪
The stage is now set for female visitors.

168
00:22:46,550 --> 00:22:48,930
他似乎很走运
His luck may be in.

169
00:22:57,230 --> 00:23:00,230
可以开始尽情引诱了
The seduction can now begin.

170
00:23:04,740 --> 00:23:06,950
他开始炫耀自己的收藏
He's showing off his best goods.

171
00:23:11,780 --> 00:23:14,330
“这个塑料管怎么样”
"Perhaps a little plastic piping?

172
00:23:17,660 --> 00:23:19,830
“我还有鲜艳的红丝线”
"Or maybe a bit of coloured string?"

173
00:23:25,130 --> 00:23:27,590
但这位访客似乎对此毫无兴趣
But his guest doesn't seem to be paying much attention.

174
00:23:36,680 --> 00:23:37,850
“这把叉子呢”
"A fork?

175
00:23:39,220 --> 00:23:40,390
“女士”
"Madame?"

176
00:23:42,940 --> 00:23:44,900
对方依旧无动于衷
Nothing seems to be working.

177
00:23:48,820 --> 00:23:51,400
事情有些不对劲
Something is just not quite right here.

178
00:23:58,030 --> 00:24:00,910
但他还有一招
But he still has one trick up his sleeve.

179
00:24:02,410 --> 00:24:04,080
那颗红心
The scarlet heart.

180
00:24:29,730 --> 00:24:33,400
As a final thrill，he expands the pink crest
作为压轴节目  他张开了头部后

181
00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:35,480
头部后侧的粉色羽冠
on the back of his head.

182
00:24:35,570 --> 00:24:38,110
证明他已经成年
The sign of his adulthood.

183
00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:40,860
但他弄错了
But he's made a mistake.

184
00:24:43,370 --> 00:24:44,950
这只不是雌鸟
This is not a female

185
00:24:45,030 --> 00:24:48,410
而是一只还没有长出羽冠的雄鸟
but a young male who hasn't yet developed that head crest.

186
00:24:49,540 --> 00:24:52,210
他衔起红心飞走了
And he's making off with the scarlet heart.

187
00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:58,420
在城里求偶着实不易
It's not easy finding sex in the city.

188
00:25:02,930 --> 00:25:06,930
在城市里养活子女也不轻松
Raising a family in the city is not easy either.

189
00:25:09,010 --> 00:25:11,220
多伦多已经到了春季
It's spring time in Toronto,

190
00:25:11,310 --> 00:25:17,100
这只浣熊妈妈的家  从树顶换成了屋顶
and this mother raccoon has
exchanged her native treetops for rooftops.

191
00:25:27,780 --> 00:25:29,870
两个月前她产下的幼崽
Since giving birth two months ago,

192
00:25:29,950 --> 00:25:34,240
被她放在烟囱里  那里温暖又安全
she's kept her offspring safe and warm inside a chimney.

193
00:25:39,250 --> 00:25:41,960
现在  这些宝宝们住不下了
Now, her young have outgrown their nursery.

194
00:25:43,090 --> 00:25:46,300
这是当妈妈的第一个大挑战
This is her first major challenge as a mother.

195
00:25:49,130 --> 00:25:52,510
搬新家
The time has come to move to a new home.

196
00:25:53,970 --> 00:25:57,180
她得把孩子们从屋顶带下来
She needs to get her youngster to ground level.

197
00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:02,810
可脚下不是方便攀爬的树干
But instead of an easy climb down a tree,

198
00:26:02,900 --> 00:26:05,650
而是垂直陡峭的墙壁
she is faced with a vertical drop,

199
00:26:06,070 --> 00:26:07,860
几乎没有着力点
with little to cling onto.

200
00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:16,490
浣熊宝宝第一次看到城市世界
Her baby's first glimpse of the urban world,

201
00:26:19,490 --> 00:26:22,000
却是在惊悚的九米高空
from a terrifying 30 feet up.

202
00:26:54,230 --> 00:26:57,440
这只浣熊宝宝是最后一个了
This is the last of her litter to be brought down.

203
00:26:58,610 --> 00:27:00,240
它的兄弟们
Its siblings are already

204
00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:02,490
已经忙着探索未知世界
busy exploring the area.

205
00:27:03,660 --> 00:27:05,280
他们要学的还有许多
And they have much to learn.

206
00:27:09,460 --> 00:27:13,000
这只浣熊宝宝掉进后巷  被困在了这里
This one has fallen into a back alley and is trapped.

207
00:27:15,460 --> 00:27:19,510
妈妈来救它  告诉它应该怎么做
Mother comes to the rescue and demonstrates what must be done.

208
00:27:43,150 --> 00:27:44,440
就是这样
That's the way.

209
00:27:50,660 --> 00:27:53,240
浣熊是一群投机分子
Raccoons are opportunists.

210
00:27:55,080 --> 00:27:57,000
十分渴望探索新世界
And they're eager to explore.

211
00:28:03,130 --> 00:28:05,250
他们需要尽快学会
But they'll have to learn very quickly

212
00:28:05,340 --> 00:28:09,050
如何适应这样一个既陌生
how to get along in this strange new environment

213
00:28:09,130 --> 00:28:11,800
又充满危险的世界
so full of hazards.

214
00:28:18,390 --> 00:28:21,440
妈妈再次前来救助
Mother comes to the rescue once more.

215
00:28:24,190 --> 00:28:27,440
城市浣熊与乡村浣熊相比
Urban raccoons are now demonstrably better

216
00:28:27,530 --> 00:28:30,150
拥有更加卓越的问题解决能力
at problem-solving than their country cousins.

217
00:28:37,830 --> 00:28:40,290
食物来源如此丰富
When the feeding opportunities are this good,

218
00:28:40,370 --> 00:28:43,000
花点时间想办法获取食物
the time spent working out how to get to it

219
00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:45,080
也非常值得
is well worth it.

220
00:28:55,930 --> 00:28:58,260
复杂的城市生活
The complexity of urban life

221
00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:01,310
需要智取
favours the clever.

222
00:29:10,270 --> 00:29:13,690
但是要想在白天与人类竞争
But to compete with humanity during daylight hours,

223
00:29:13,780 --> 00:29:15,360
需要的不只是智慧
takes more than just intelligence.

224
00:29:21,320 --> 00:29:22,870
还有胆量
It takes nerve.

225
00:29:25,330 --> 00:29:28,000
一群雄心勃勃的猴子
One enterprising species of monkey

226
00:29:28,080 --> 00:29:31,620
搬到了印度斋浦尔市
has moved into the city of Jaipur in India.

227
00:29:35,290 --> 00:29:36,630
恒河猕猴
The Rhesus macaque.

228
00:29:41,630 --> 00:29:45,550
如何拿到这些鲜嫩多汁的水果呢
But how to get a share of all this juicy fruit?

229
00:29:54,480 --> 00:29:57,730
每天早上  猴子军团都会和上班族一样
Every morning, the troop make the same journey

230
00:29:57,820 --> 00:30:01,570
走同样的路线  穿越城市丛林
through the urban jungle, just as human commuters do.

231
00:30:25,550 --> 00:30:29,430
有时候  难免会遇到交通拥堵
Sometimes, inevitably, there are traffic jams.

232
00:30:54,530 --> 00:30:57,830
等他们抵达市场  麻烦就开始了
Once they get to the market, trouble begins.

233
00:31:20,510 --> 00:31:22,770
有勇有谋
Being both intelligent and brazen

234
00:31:22,850 --> 00:31:26,900
才能在人类的地盘占上风
is the key to beating human beings on their home turf.

235
00:32:06,060 --> 00:32:08,060
简直是光天化日下的抢劫
It's daylight robbery.

236
00:32:19,110 --> 00:32:22,690
在大多数人看来  生活在城市中的
There are some animals that most would consider too dangerous

237
00:32:22,780 --> 00:32:24,740
有些动物太过危险
to tolerate in the city.

238
00:32:29,700 --> 00:32:31,120
斑鬣狗
Spotted hyenas.

239
00:32:34,750 --> 00:32:36,920
它们所到之处  其他动物都退避三舍
They're feared throughout their range.

240
00:32:45,090 --> 00:32:48,130
在埃塞俄比亚哈拉市郊外
In the outskirts of Hara in Ethiopia,

241
00:32:48,220 --> 00:32:53,470
两群鬣狗针锋相对  准备争夺宝贵资源
two clans are coming face to face
to battle over a prized resource.

242
00:32:58,940 --> 00:33:02,360
两边队伍各有六十只左右
There are about 60 hyenas in each clan.

243
00:33:03,320 --> 00:33:04,480
势均力敌
And they're well matched.

244
00:33:31,170 --> 00:33:34,220
经过三小时的来回周旋
After three hours of posturing back and forth,

245
00:33:34,300 --> 00:33:35,970
一支队伍败退
the losers retreat

246
00:33:36,220 --> 00:33:39,050
赢家则出发去享受战果
and the victors head to claim their prize.

247
00:33:46,060 --> 00:33:49,940
它们争夺的正是进入城区的权利
They have been fighting over access to the city.

248
00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:08,460
Once inside the city walls，they head for one place.
一旦穿过城墙  它们就直奔目的地

249
00:34:18,050 --> 00:34:20,760
而且也很清楚该如何去那里
And they know exactly how to get there.

250
00:34:54,580 --> 00:34:56,790
一家历史悠久的肉店
The ancient meat market.

251
00:35:00,420 --> 00:35:04,630
动物残骸的浓重气息飘散在空气中
The scent of all these carcasses lies heavy in the air.

252
00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:32,120
这个传统已经持续了四百多年
This tradition goes back over 400 years.

253
00:35:32,910 --> 00:35:36,290
屠夫们会把不要的骨头扔出来
The human butchers put out the bones they don't need

254
00:35:36,370 --> 00:35:39,200
由这些鬣狗负责处理
and these hyenas deal with them.

255
00:35:42,040 --> 00:35:43,880
只有它们有这个能力
They're the only animals that can.

256
00:35:44,670 --> 00:35:48,920
其他动物的咬合力不足以咬断骨头
No other here has such powerful bone-crushing jaws.

257
00:35:52,550 --> 00:35:55,550
人类与野兽的这种关系
And this relationship between man and beast

258
00:35:55,640 --> 00:35:57,930
如今已经发展到了新高度
has now been taken a step further.

259
00:36:01,730 --> 00:36:06,270
约瑟夫在呼唤鬣狗们去他家
Yousuf is calling the hyenas to his house.

260
00:36:14,780 --> 00:36:18,620
他和他的祖辈  连续五代人
He and his forefathers, going back five generations,

261
00:36:18,700 --> 00:36:20,830
在喂食这些鬣狗时
have been feeding the hyenas

262
00:36:22,120 --> 00:36:23,410
都直接用手
by hand.

263
00:36:25,660 --> 00:36:29,040
住在这里的市民们认为
The inhabitants of this town believe that hyenas

264
00:36:29,130 --> 00:36:32,380
鬣狗还有一个非常重要的本事
provide another very important service.

265
00:36:33,500 --> 00:36:37,510
能够吞噬游荡在街道上的恶魂
Eating the bad spirits that haunt the streets.

266
00:36:44,350 --> 00:36:47,680
这种动物凶猛而残暴
These are wild and ferocious animals,

267
00:36:47,770 --> 00:36:50,270
但是在城区内
but once within these city walls,

268
00:36:50,350 --> 00:36:53,440
他们表现出了完全不同的一面
they behave in a completely different way.

269
00:36:55,520 --> 00:36:59,240
Throughout the rest of Africa，spotted hyenas are feared
在非洲的其他地区  大家都十分惧怕斑鬣狗

270
00:36:59,320 --> 00:37:02,570
因为它们猎食家畜  甚至伤及孩童
because they kill livestock, sometimes even children.

271
00:37:04,950 --> 00:37:08,950
斑鬣狗大概是地球上最受诟病的动物
They are perhaps the most vilified animal on our planet.

272
00:37:13,670 --> 00:37:15,710
然而  在哈勒尔
However, here in Harar,

273
00:37:15,790 --> 00:37:19,300
他们却能够与人类和平共处
their relationship with people is entirely peaceful.

274
00:37:22,550 --> 00:37:24,970
赢得了人类的信任
They have won the trust of man.

275
00:37:35,020 --> 00:37:37,100
丧失对人类的恐惧
Losing its fear of humans

276
00:37:37,190 --> 00:37:41,110
让一种动物遍布世界各个城市
has enabled one animal to spread into cities everywhere,

277
00:37:41,190 --> 00:37:43,110
而且数量庞大
and in huge numbers.

278
00:37:50,910 --> 00:37:55,700
鸽子是目前最成功的城市鸟类
Pigeons are by far the most successful urban bird.

279
00:38:02,210 --> 00:38:04,710
在法国南部的阿尔比
Here, in Albi, in the south of France,

280
00:38:04,790 --> 00:38:07,090
鸽群飞到河边沐浴
the pigeons come to the river to bathe.

281
00:38:08,260 --> 00:38:11,050
它们要整理飞羽
They need to preen their flight feathers,

282
00:38:11,130 --> 00:38:13,300
清洗掉城市的灰尘
clean off the city dust,

283
00:38:13,970 --> 00:38:15,850
并给自己降降温
and cool themselves down.

284
00:38:37,530 --> 00:38:39,620
而死神正埋伏以待
But death lies in wait.

285
00:38:42,160 --> 00:38:44,200
捕食者正是利用了
A predator that has taken advantage

286
00:38:44,290 --> 00:38:47,290
鸽子在城市得以成功生存的法宝
of the very thing that has led to the pigeon's success...

287
00:38:49,960 --> 00:38:51,210
它们已丧失的恐惧感
Their lack of fear.

288
00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:59,010
As the pigeons bathe，oil from their plumage flows downstream,
鸽子洗澡时  羽毛上的油脂顺流而下

289
00:38:59,550 --> 00:39:01,260
被捕食者察觉
and is detected.

290
00:39:12,360 --> 00:39:15,480
一条巨大的六须鲶鱼
A monstrous Wels catfish.

291
00:39:18,360 --> 00:39:23,570
虽然才被引入此地四十年
Introduced here just 40 years ago,

292
00:39:25,370 --> 00:39:27,870
繁殖数量却已大大增长  几乎迫使本地鱼类灭绝
they have proliferated.
Virtually exterminated the local fish stocks...

293
00:39:30,500 --> 00:39:34,210
现在它们将猎食对象转向了鸽子
And they've now developed a taste for pigeon.

294
00:39:36,790 --> 00:39:38,590
由于视力微弱
Their eyesight is poor,

295
00:39:38,670 --> 00:39:42,840
它们依靠触须来探测猎物的动静
so they use their barbels
to sense the movements of their victims.

296
00:40:40,890 --> 00:40:43,900
对底栖鱼类来说
This is a radical new hunting strategy

297
00:40:43,980 --> 00:40:46,980
这是种全新的捕猎策略
for what is normally a bottom-dwelling fish.

298
00:41:02,700 --> 00:41:05,660
在城市居住了上千年之后
After a thousand years of living in this city,

299
00:41:06,670 --> 00:41:10,840
鸽子现在却要学会避开水里的鱼
pigeons are now having to learn to avoid a fish

300
00:41:17,180 --> 00:41:19,850
我们的城市在不断变化
Our cities are always changing.

301
00:41:19,930 --> 00:41:21,680
有时极为迅速
Sometimes very swiftly.

302
00:41:24,470 --> 00:41:27,270
动物们必须应对这些改变
And animals must cope with the changes,

303
00:41:27,890 --> 00:41:29,400
否则就会消失
or disappear.

304
00:41:31,440 --> 00:41:34,570
近年来  最大的变化之一
One of the greatest changes in recent times

305
00:41:34,650 --> 00:41:39,740
是由一项历史还不到一百四十年的发明引起的
has come from a single invention made less than 140 years ago.

306
00:41:44,830 --> 00:41:46,370
电灯
Electric light.

307
00:41:48,660 --> 00:41:51,290
它的影响力越来越大
It has become more and more powerful,

308
00:41:53,750 --> 00:41:55,880
点亮了我们的街道
filling our streets with light.

309
00:42:08,060 --> 00:42:10,020
城市灯光无处不在
It's everywhere in the city.

310
00:42:12,180 --> 00:42:13,850
甚至延伸到地下
It even goes under ground.

311
00:42:34,080 --> 00:42:39,210
白天与黑夜的区别愈发难以分辨
The difference between day
and night is becoming less and less perceptible.

312
00:42:49,220 --> 00:42:53,930
这对野生动物产生了深远的影响
And that has a profound effect on the activities of wildlife.

313
00:42:59,230 --> 00:43:03,900
在野外  光引发动物的各种行为
In the wilderness, light triggers all kinds of behaviour.

314
00:43:10,110 --> 00:43:11,900
在月圆之夜
On the night of the full moon,

315
00:43:11,990 --> 00:43:15,030
数百只刚孵化的小玳瑁
hundreds of tiny hawksbill turtle hatchlings

316
00:43:15,120 --> 00:43:19,160
从安全的沙底洞穴中钻出
emerge from the safety of their nest deep in the sand.

317
00:43:21,700 --> 00:43:25,750
本能驱使它们尽快爬到海里
Their instinct is to reach the sea as quickly as possible.

318
00:43:27,960 --> 00:43:32,960
指引它们方向的是海水倒映的月光
And their guide is the light
of the full moon reflected on the water.

319
00:43:40,350 --> 00:43:44,390
但这只小玳瑁感到很困惑
But this young hatchling is confused.

320
00:43:53,020 --> 00:43:55,860
它正朝错误的方向爬去
It's going in the wrong direction.

321
00:44:01,120 --> 00:44:03,740
明亮的灯光从陆地照来
Bright light is coming from the land.

322
00:44:06,910 --> 00:44:11,750
让这些小玳瑁都从沙滩爬向内陆
And all these hatchlings are travelling up the beach towards it.

323
00:44:17,880 --> 00:44:20,970
捕食者伺机而动
Predators are ready to take advantage.

324
00:44:22,930 --> 00:44:27,100
螃蟹将巢穴直接建在沙滩灯光下
Crabs now make their burrows directly beneath the beach lights

325
00:44:27,810 --> 00:44:30,850
等猎物自己送上门
and wait for their prey to come to them.

326
00:44:53,500 --> 00:44:56,080
即使能成功逃脱
Even if a hatchling escapes,

327
00:44:56,750 --> 00:44:58,210
它们仍身处险境
they're still in peril.

328
00:45:07,340 --> 00:45:10,550
灯光愈发具有迷惑性
The lights become more and more bewildering.

329
00:45:35,660 --> 00:45:38,910
这片沙滩上百分之八十的小玳瑁
80% of all hatchlings on this beach

330
00:45:38,990 --> 00:45:43,120
都因城市的灯光而迷失了方向
are now disorientated by the lights of the town.

331
00:46:04,060 --> 00:46:06,940
许多小生命终结了在马路上
Roads bring many to their end.

332
00:46:22,530 --> 00:46:26,500
每晚都有数百只小玳瑁被困在下水道
Hundreds get trapped in storm drains every night.

333
00:46:41,470 --> 00:46:45,300
在陆地上的长途跋涉使它筋疲力尽
Exhausted by the effort of travelling such a distance on land,

334
00:46:47,890 --> 00:46:52,190
这只小玳瑁很可能活不过今晚
this hatchling's chances of surviving the night are slim.

335
00:47:05,410 --> 00:47:08,660
这只玳瑁只是无数
This turtle is one of the countless species

336
00:47:08,740 --> 00:47:11,580
无法适应城市
that have been unable to adapt to the change

337
00:47:11,660 --> 00:47:14,790
环境变化的物种之一
brought about by the urban environment.

338
00:47:26,840 --> 00:47:29,050
只有少数动物
Only a small number of animals

339
00:47:29,140 --> 00:47:32,470
找到了与人类共存的方法
have managed to find ways of living alongside us.

340
00:47:34,890 --> 00:47:39,060
每隔十年  就有英国面积大小的区域
And every 10 years, an area the size of Britain

341
00:47:39,140 --> 00:47:42,400
被水泥森林吞噬
disappears under a jungle of concrete.

342
00:47:52,160 --> 00:47:55,120
但一切并非只能如此
But it doesn't have to be like this.

343
00:47:58,290 --> 00:48:03,120
难道我们不能建造更加融合自然的城市吗
Could it not be possible
to build cities more in harmony with nature?

344
00:48:06,570 --> 00:48:09,730
我们是这个环境的设计师
We are the designers of this enviroment.

345
00:48:10,880 --> 00:48:17,220
是否邀请野生动物回归城市  方式如何  都取决于我们
How, and whether we decide
to invite the wildlife back, is up to us.

346
00:48:21,310 --> 00:48:24,600
这棵树被吊到约三十层楼高
This tree is rising nearly 30 storeys.

347
00:48:24,690 --> 00:48:30,860
它和其他近八百棵树一起被种下
旨在打造一座米兰的垂直森林
It's one of almost 800 being planted
to create a vertical forest in Milan.

348
00:48:37,110 --> 00:48:41,580
这个数量的树木  相当于两公顷的森林
This number of living trees would
normally fill two hectares of woodland,

349
00:48:41,660 --> 00:48:45,620
可在这里  它们只占据了十分之一的面积
but here, they occupy one-tenth of that area.

350
00:48:47,210 --> 00:48:50,290
绿化建筑的外墙和屋顶
Greening the walls and roofs of our buildings

351
00:48:50,380 --> 00:48:53,040
就能打造一座茂盛而广阔的栖息地
could create a rich and extensive habitat,

352
00:48:53,130 --> 00:48:55,130
只要我们有心去做
if we wanted it to do so.

353
00:48:58,420 --> 00:49:03,390
有一座城市  正在大规模实践这个构想
There is one city where
that idea is being applied on a major scale.

354
00:49:04,180 --> 00:49:05,350
新加坡
Singapore.

355
00:49:07,390 --> 00:49:12,390
这座城市在四十五年里共种了两百万棵树
Two million trees have been planted here in the last 45 years.

356
00:49:14,100 --> 00:49:18,860
如今  它成为了世界上物种最丰富的城市
This city is now richer in species than any other in the world.

357
00:49:26,370 --> 00:49:30,160
构建自然城市的实践延伸至城市的每个角落
And this practise extends to all parts of the city.

358
00:49:31,700 --> 00:49:33,540
城市中的航道被清理干净
The waterways have been cleaned up,

359
00:49:33,620 --> 00:49:36,330
江獭们得以重新回归
and smooth-coated otters are coming back.

360
00:49:43,010 --> 00:49:47,510
不过  城市绿化最壮观的例子
But perhaps, the most spectacular example of city greening

361
00:49:47,590 --> 00:49:51,050
也许是这片超级树林
is this grove of super trees.

362
00:49:54,220 --> 00:50:00,480
这些四十五米高的金属建筑现在充满了生机
These 150 feet high metal structures are now full of life.

363
00:50:02,360 --> 00:50:06,400
分枝上种植了匍匐植物  蔓延生长
Creepers have been planted to grow over the outermost branches.

364
00:50:10,930 --> 00:50:14,220
这是否就是我们未来的城市景观呢
Is this a vision of our cities of the future?

365
00:50:18,430 --> 00:50:21,890
也许某天  我们会看到更多的野生动物
The potential to see animals thriving within our cities

366
00:50:22,020 --> 00:50:25,230
在全世界的城市的里繁衍生息的景象
is achievable across the globe.

367
00:50:34,110 --> 00:50:38,490
如今半数以上的人口生活在城市中
More than half of us now live in an urban environment.

368
00:50:40,950 --> 00:50:44,330
我们是否愿意打造美好的地球家园
Whether we choose to create a home for others too

369
00:50:45,880 --> 00:50:47,580
不仅是为了人类
is up to us.