1
00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:29,760
《地球脉动2》  第一季  第四集

2
00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:39,300
想象一个世界
Imagine a world

3
00:00:39,350 --> 00:00:43,580
气温高达四十九摄氏度
where temperatures rise to 120 degrees Fahrenheit.

4
00:00:48,100 --> 00:00:52,810
没有什么能阻挡烈日  狂风与沙尘
Where there's no escape from sun, wind and dust.

5
00:00:58,710 --> 00:01:03,660
想象一个世界  几乎没有食物和水
Imagine a world with almost no food or water.

6
00:01:12,970 --> 00:01:14,830
这种地方占据了
These are the conditions

7
00:01:14,830 --> 00:01:18,500
地球上三分之一的土地
in one third of the lands of our planet.

8
00:01:21,920 --> 00:01:27,530
生长于斯  必须掌握非凡的生存策略
To live here demands the most extraordinary survival strategies.

9
00:01:33,510 --> 00:01:37,880
沙漠

10
00:01:51,140 --> 00:01:55,260
这是世界上最古老的沙漠
英语解说  大卫·爱登堡
This is the oldest desert in the world.

11
00:01:55,550 --> 00:01:58,390
纳米布沙漠  位于非洲西南部
The Namib in south-west Africa.

12
00:01:59,780 --> 00:02:03,310
干旱已经持续了五千五百万年
It's been dry for 55 million years.

13
00:02:08,780 --> 00:02:13,090
对于捕食者来说  生活异常艰难
Life here for a hunter is as hard as it gets.

14
00:02:24,030 --> 00:02:25,960
一群狮子
A pride of lions.

15
00:02:26,510 --> 00:02:29,730
她们是极少数能够忍受如此
One of the very few that endures this desert's

16
00:02:29,740 --> 00:02:33,010
高温缺水的沙漠环境的物种之一
scorching temperatures and lack of water.

17
00:02:50,910 --> 00:02:54,550
沙漠狩猎有着特殊的难题
Hunting here presents special problems.

18
00:03:01,110 --> 00:03:02,190
这群直角大羚羊
A herd of oryx,

19
00:03:02,190 --> 00:03:06,290
是方圆三十二公里内唯一的猎物
the only prey within 20 miles.

20
00:03:10,580 --> 00:03:13,880
这里没有任何伏击可用的遮挡物
Out here, there is no cover for an ambush.

21
00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:17,410
唯有直截了当扑杀过去
It'll have to be a straight chase.

22
00:03:56,020 --> 00:03:57,420
她们失败了
They have failed

23
00:03:58,030 --> 00:04:02,580
每失败一次  狮群离饿死就更近一步
and each failed hunt brings the lions closer to starvation.

24
00:04:15,030 --> 00:04:16,670
为了寻找食物充饥
To find enough to eat,

25
00:04:17,130 --> 00:04:22,300
狮群不断地在瑞士国境那么大的区域内搜寻
the pride continually searches an area the size of Switzerland.

26
00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:38,290
三天里它们走了一百六十一公里  仍然一无所获
Three days and 100 miles later, and still no kill.

27
00:04:40,540 --> 00:04:43,350
这是濒临绝望的时刻
These are desperate times.

28
00:04:47,140 --> 00:04:50,270
她们领土的边缘有一条干涸的河床
A dry riverbed on the edge of their territory.

29
00:04:53,820 --> 00:04:56,180
长颈鹿是附近唯一的动物
The only animals here are giraffe,

30
00:04:57,210 --> 00:05:02,400
但这重达一吨的巨兽一脚就能踢死一头狮子
but these one-tonne giants could kill a lion with a single kick.

31
00:05:15,810 --> 00:05:19,250
狮群很少会去叨扰如此棘手的猎物
Lions seldom tackle such formidable prey...

32
00:05:22,430 --> 00:05:27,330
但没有食物充饥  狮群已寸步难行
...but this pride can't go on much longer without food.

33
00:05:56,610 --> 00:05:59,010
为了猎杀成功
The whole pride must work together as a team

34
00:05:59,010 --> 00:06:00,380
整个狮群必须互相配合
if they're to succeed.

35
00:06:30,290 --> 00:06:32,520
两头母狮带头追捕
Two lionesses lead the chase.

36
00:06:32,670 --> 00:06:36,070
其他狮子奋起直追  切断猎物的逃生路线
Others race to cut off possible escape routes.

37
00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:58,280
长颈鹿的速度和耐力都强于狮群
The giraffe has the speed and stamina to outrun the pride...

38
00:06:59,630 --> 00:07:02,960
但它正被逐入敌人的陷阱
...but it's being chased into a trap.

39
00:07:05,160 --> 00:07:08,160
领头的母狮就在前面等待着
Up ahead, the lead female waits.

40
00:07:19,390 --> 00:07:21,380
轮到她上场了
It's now up to her.

41
00:07:41,040 --> 00:07:43,990
狮子的猎杀行动多以失败告终
Most lion hunts end in failure.

42
00:07:45,720 --> 00:07:50,920
但沙漠种群的失败次数远比其他种群要多得多
But no lions fail more often than those that live in the desert.

43
00:07:54,630 --> 00:07:58,840
狮群必须再次踏上寻找食物的征程
Once again, the pride must continue their search.

44
00:08:24,030 --> 00:08:28,080
沙漠地区偶尔也会降雨
It does, sometimes, rain in the desert.

45
00:08:31,420 --> 00:08:33,370
在美国西部地区
Here, in the American West,

46
00:08:33,530 --> 00:08:37,390
暴风雨会带来灾难性的影响
storms can strike with devastating force.

47
00:08:42,940 --> 00:08:44,870
十个月的干旱以后
After ten months of drought,

48
00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:46,700
百万吨降水
millions of tonnes of water

49
00:08:46,700 --> 00:08:49,740
在一小时内倾泻而下
are dumped on the land in under an hour.

50
00:09:41,710 --> 00:09:43,400
数百万年来
Over millions of years,

51
00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:47,000
挟带着砂石的湍急洪水
sand and gravel carried by the rampaging floods

52
00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:50,020
在坚硬的岩石上切割出凹槽
have carved channels through the solid rock.

53
00:09:55,210 --> 00:09:59,280
形成狭缝谷  深达四十六米
Slot canyons, 150 feet deep.

54
00:10:32,910 --> 00:10:36,060
一些地方的峡谷不断侵蚀扩张
In some places, these canyons have widened

55
00:10:36,070 --> 00:10:40,040
最终形成桌状高地
until the land between them is sculpted into tablelands

56
00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:41,960
和高耸的石塔
and isolated pinnacles,

57
00:10:42,730 --> 00:10:46,780
这是地球上最激动人心的自然奇观
some of the most dramatic landscapes on the planet.

58
00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:06,160
雨季也许早已过去
The rain may be long gone...

59
00:11:07,920 --> 00:11:10,020
但沙漠里还是有水
...but there is water here...

60
00:11:11,750 --> 00:11:16,160
只是储存在沙生植物特化的组织当中
...locked away within the tissues of specialist desert plants.

61
00:11:18,550 --> 00:11:22,150
仙人掌是美国沙漠中独一无二的植物
Cacti are unique to American deserts.

62
00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:26,390
它们肥硕的茎干
They all hoard water,

63
00:11:26,390 --> 00:11:28,780
有储水功能
storing it in swollen stems

64
00:11:29,150 --> 00:11:32,760
叶片特化成刺以防止水分散失
and protecting it behind a barricade of spines.

65
00:11:37,020 --> 00:11:40,930
这套策略成功地让它们主宰着这片沙漠
They're so successful that they dominate these deserts.

66
00:11:43,410 --> 00:11:47,100
但这片尖刺丛林也给居住在此的动物们
But this forest of spikes can cause problems

67
00:11:47,100 --> 00:11:48,890
带来了很多麻烦
for the animals that live here.

68
00:11:56,870 --> 00:11:58,520
一只栗翅鹰
A Harris' Hawk.

69
00:12:01,830 --> 00:12:06,380
它练就了在仙人掌林捕食的特殊技能
It has developed special techniques for hunting amongst the cacti.

70
00:12:12,740 --> 00:12:14,210
这是地松鼠
Ground squirrels.

71
00:12:15,050 --> 00:12:15,930
栗翅鹰的猎物
Prey.

72
00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:25,900
当发现危险信号时
At the first sign of danger

73
00:12:25,900 --> 00:12:28,600
地松鼠们迅速躲进刺丛中避险
they bolt for the safety of the thorns.

74
00:12:38,650 --> 00:12:41,820
但栗翅鹰有法子逼它们出来
But the hawks have a tactic to flush them out.

75
00:12:45,200 --> 00:12:49,160
栗翅鹰是唯一成群捕食的猛禽
These are the only birds of prey that hunt in packs.

76
00:12:51,880 --> 00:12:53,180
它们编队飞行
Flying in formation,

77
00:12:53,180 --> 00:12:56,210
将猎物驱赶到开阔地带
they try to drive their quarry into the open.

78
00:13:07,870 --> 00:13:10,390
但这只地松鼠按兵不动
But this squirrel is staying put.

79
00:13:17,180 --> 00:13:19,820
栗翅鹰开始改变策略
So now the hawks continue the hunt...

80
00:13:21,080 --> 00:13:22,370
转为地面追击
...on foot.

81
00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:33,470
它们从四面八方逐渐逼近
They're closing in from all sides.

82
00:13:55,900 --> 00:13:59,530
很快封锁了所有的逃跑路线
Soon, all escape routes are cut off.

83
00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:05,440
地松鼠陷入绝境
The squirrel is trapped.

84
00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:20,680
这片沙漠上的植物几乎都浑身是刺
The spines that cover almost every plant in this desert

85
00:14:20,770 --> 00:14:24,610
它们能为动物提供了庇护之所
can provide protection and shelter for many animals.

86
00:14:32,850 --> 00:14:37,930
可这些尖刺上为什么挂着尸体
So, why should these spikes be hung with corpses?

87
00:14:44,870 --> 00:14:47,270
如此可怕的场景究竟
What kind of creature could be responsible

88
00:14:47,270 --> 00:14:49,920
是谁的手笔呢
for creating such a gruesome scene?

89
00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:03,600
这片沙漠里有一位神秘杀手
There's a mysterious killer at work in this desert.

90
00:15:11,200 --> 00:15:13,010
一只伯劳鸟
It's a butcherbird.

91
00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:18,140
就像屠夫用钩子挂肉
This little songbird uses the spines

92
00:15:18,140 --> 00:15:20,670
这只小型鸣禽利用这些刺
as a butcher uses his hook...

93
00:15:20,810 --> 00:15:24,160
将肢解完的食物悬挂起来
to hold its prey as it dismembers it.

94
00:15:34,580 --> 00:15:39,490
幼鸟们嗷嗷待哺  叶刺就像是食品储藏柜
And with chicks to feed, he also uses the spines as a larder.

95
00:15:45,230 --> 00:15:47,780
他已经储备了好几个星期
He's been stocking it for weeks.

96
00:15:51,280 --> 00:15:54,930
把猎物挂起来可以防止地面的食腐动物来争抢
Hanging his prey out of the reach of scavengers on the ground

97
00:15:55,010 --> 00:15:59,000
以确保刚出生的幼鸟不会挨饿
ensures that his newly hatched young will never go hungry.

98
00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:02,130
为了让好时光持续更久点
An ingenious solution

99
00:16:02,130 --> 00:16:05,850
这的确是个巧妙的策略
to making the good times last in the desert...

100
00:16:08,780 --> 00:16:10,690
虽然有点毛骨悚然
...if a little macabre.

101
00:16:20,090 --> 00:16:22,490
有的荒漠十分贫瘠
Some deserts are so arid,

102
00:16:22,490 --> 00:16:26,140
看似寸草不生
they appear totally devoid of all vegetation.

103
00:16:29,070 --> 00:16:34,420
但即使是这种地方也能在几天之内焕然新生
Yet even these landscapes can be transformed in a matter of days.

104
00:16:45,520 --> 00:16:49,950
秘鲁荒漠是世界上最干燥的地方之一
The deserts of Peru are amongst the driest in the world,

105
00:16:50,030 --> 00:16:54,590
休眠了几个月的植被  只要遇到一点点水
but just add a little water and
plants that have lain dormant for months

106
00:16:54,590 --> 00:16:57,160
便可立即恢复生机
will burst into life.

107
00:17:14,490 --> 00:17:17,220
当沙漠突然变为绿洲
And when a desert suddenly turns green,

108
00:17:17,450 --> 00:17:19,980
即使看似最荒凉的地方
even the most seemingly desolate

109
00:17:20,490 --> 00:17:23,230
也能变得生机勃勃
can become a land of opportunity.

110
00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:39,910
没有什么生物能比蝗虫更早或更轰动地
No creature exploits the greening of a desert more quickly

111
00:17:39,910 --> 00:17:42,780
发现这抹绿意
or more dramatically than a locust.

112
00:17:52,050 --> 00:17:54,450
马达加斯加干旱的西南部
Madagascar's arid south-west

113
00:17:54,470 --> 00:17:57,640
迎来了近几年最大的降雨
has received its highest rainfall in years.

114
00:18:03,910 --> 00:18:06,590
蝗虫大军正大步行进
Now, an army is on the march,

115
00:18:06,590 --> 00:18:09,950
追寻着新生嫩芽的香气
attracted by the smell of newly sprouting grass.

116
00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:25,010
蝗虫通常独居
Locusts are normally solitary creatures,

117
00:18:25,010 --> 00:18:27,590
但当食物突然充足之时
but when food becomes suddenly plentiful

118
00:18:27,590 --> 00:18:31,100
它们便聚集成群  以势不可挡的气势
they come together into an unstoppable force

119
00:18:31,100 --> 00:18:33,870
吞噬沿途所有的植物
that devours everything in its path.

120
00:18:52,870 --> 00:18:57,550
而这巨大的灾难正愈演愈烈
But this devastation is about to get a lot worse.

121
00:19:09,580 --> 00:19:13,740
蝗虫正在变态为有翅的成虫
The locusts now transform into winged adults,

122
00:19:14,770 --> 00:19:16,900
由于生长环境良好
and with conditions as good as this,

123
00:19:16,900 --> 00:19:19,950
它们发育的速度达到平时的三倍
they do so three times faster than normal.

124
00:19:21,740 --> 00:19:24,960
现在到了食欲最旺盛的时候
Now they are at their most voracious...

125
00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:29,720
有了翅膀  它们就能飞行
and with wings, they can take to the skies.

126
00:19:55,600 --> 00:20:00,240
一旦上天  蝗虫每天可以飞行九十六公里
Once airborne, the locusts can travel over 60 miles a day

127
00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:03,090
去寻找新的觅食区
in their search for new feeding grounds.

128
00:20:17,260 --> 00:20:22,430
如此大规模的超级蝗群也许十年才出现一次
A super swarm of this scale may only appear once in a decade.

129
00:20:23,360 --> 00:20:26,870
这个蝗群遍布五百一十八平方公里
This one extends over 200 square miles

130
00:20:26,870 --> 00:20:30,170
共有数十亿只蝗虫
and contains several billion individuals.

131
00:20:31,600 --> 00:20:36,650
每天能吃掉四万吨食物
Between them, they will devour 40,000 tonnes of food in a day.

132
00:21:13,550 --> 00:21:17,910
蝗灾吞噬植被的速度和彻底性
Nothing can strip a land of its vegetation with such speed

133
00:21:17,910 --> 00:21:21,520
没有任何事物能与之比肩
and thoroughness as a plague of locusts.

134
00:21:24,250 --> 00:21:28,150
当食物消耗殆尽时  蝗虫大军就会灭亡
When the food eventually runs out, the whole army will die...

135
00:21:29,500 --> 00:21:32,590
但不等它们寂灭下来  世界早已一片狼藉
but not before it's devastated the land.

136
00:21:47,750 --> 00:21:50,080
没有植被固定土壤
With no plants to bind them,

137
00:21:50,130 --> 00:21:54,640
稀薄的土层很快就会变成沙尘  被风吹走
thin soils soon turn to dust and blow away.

138
00:22:01,210 --> 00:22:06,480
如今  这片不毛之地只能任由自然力量摆布
Now, these barren lands are left to the mercy of the elements.

139
00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:28,260
烈日炙烤加之风沙侵袭
Scorched by the sun and scoured by windblown sand,

140
00:22:29,020 --> 00:22:34,340
沙漠岩石形成了奇异非凡的景致
desert rock is shaped into strange, otherworldly landscapes.

141
00:22:40,820 --> 00:22:44,710
这片岩质沙漠或许看似美好
These rocky deserts may have a beguiling beauty,

142
00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:49,500
但这里如此荒芜  极少生物能够适应
but when they become this barren, very little life can endure.

143
00:22:56,230 --> 00:23:00,720
动物们想要在最严苛的环境里活下来
For many animals, the only way to survive the most hostile times

144
00:23:00,720 --> 00:23:02,200
就必须不断迁移
is to keep moving.

145
00:23:10,010 --> 00:23:14,630
喀拉哈里沙漠短暂的雨季已被旱季替代
In the Kalahari, brief rains have given way to the dry season.

146
00:23:15,570 --> 00:23:19,240
食物和水愈发稀缺
Food and water are becoming increasingly scarce.

147
00:23:20,970 --> 00:23:23,630
这群斑马是时候离开了
For these zebra, it's time to leave.

148
00:23:37,090 --> 00:23:40,730
斑马的迁移距离称霸
They're setting off on the longest overland migration

149
00:23:40,740 --> 00:23:43,230
所有非洲哺乳动物
made by any mammal in Africa,

150
00:23:43,360 --> 00:23:47,110
嗅着远方雨水的味道不断前进
marching towards the scent of distant rains.

151
00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:53,090
随着干旱加剧
As drought intensifies,

152
00:23:53,260 --> 00:23:56,770
沙漠象也必须踏上旅途
desert-living elephants must also undertake long journeys

153
00:23:56,770 --> 00:23:58,650
寻找水源
in search of water.

154
00:24:20,690 --> 00:24:23,320
年长的母象能记住哪些地方
The older females can remember where,

155
00:24:23,330 --> 00:24:27,660
即使在极端干旱的季节也会有水
even in times of extreme drought, there may still be water

156
00:24:28,610 --> 00:24:31,310
有时她能把象群带领到
and sometimes lead the herd to a water hole

157
00:24:31,310 --> 00:24:34,000
数十年前去过的水坑
they may not have visited for decades.

158
00:25:05,210 --> 00:25:09,500
这群斑马即将结束旅程
These zebra are almost at the end of their journey.

159
00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:18,800
这里就是它们的目的地
This is what they've been heading for...

160
00:25:23,040 --> 00:25:24,910
一个珍贵的水坑
...A rare water hole.

161
00:25:35,450 --> 00:25:38,980
沙漠里的大部分水坑都转瞬即逝
In deserts, most water holes are short lived.

162
00:25:39,160 --> 00:25:40,830
它们在雨后出现
They appear after rains,

163
00:25:40,830 --> 00:25:43,750
但以几乎同样的速度消失
but then vanish almost as quickly as they came.

164
00:25:51,060 --> 00:25:54,390
动物长途跋涉来到这里
Animals have come here from many miles around.

165
00:25:59,440 --> 00:26:04,140
但在此地逗留可能会有危险
Yet this can be a dangerous place in which to linger.

166
00:26:12,670 --> 00:26:15,920
离水坑九十六公里远的沙漠中心
60 miles away, in the heart of the desert,

167
00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:18,420
沙鸡的雏鸟正在孵化
sandgrouse chicks are hatching.

168
00:26:19,460 --> 00:26:21,900
他们待在这里比较安全
It's safer for them to be here.

169
00:26:26,730 --> 00:26:30,420
但是离水源那么远  也有很大风险
But being so distant from water is a gamble.

170
00:26:33,980 --> 00:26:36,810
只有母亲在帮他们遮挡太阳
With only their mother to shield them from the sun,

171
00:26:36,810 --> 00:26:40,990
如果没有水喝  雏鸟会在数小时内曝晒而死
if they get nothing to drink, they will be dead within hours.

172
00:26:49,720 --> 00:26:52,240
唯一的希望寄托在父亲身上
Their only hope is their father.

173
00:26:55,820 --> 00:27:00,080
每天早上  他都要往返飞行一百九十三公里
Every morning he makes the 120-mile round trip

174
00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:01,840
为家人带水回来
to get water for the family.

175
00:27:05,880 --> 00:27:09,460
沙鸡从四面八方飞来这片绿洲
Grouse from all over the desert visit this oasis,

176
00:27:09,530 --> 00:27:12,140
在这里集结成群
arriving together in large flocks,

177
00:27:12,940 --> 00:27:14,950
这十分重要
and that is important.

178
00:27:18,430 --> 00:27:20,810
数量越多越安全
There's safety in numbers.

179
00:27:36,230 --> 00:27:38,540
雄沙鸡抓紧时间喝了口水
The male snatches a drink,

180
00:27:38,770 --> 00:27:42,230
但他还要给雏鸟们带水回去
but he also needs to collect water for his chicks.

181
00:27:43,380 --> 00:27:45,810
他胸前特化的羽毛
Using specially adapted breast feathers,

182
00:27:45,830 --> 00:27:48,550
可以像海绵一样吸收大量的水
he can soak up water like a sponge.

183
00:27:49,770 --> 00:27:53,390
不过这需要时间  而他已身陷危险
But it takes time, and he is in danger.

184
00:28:01,390 --> 00:28:02,600
苍鹰
Goshawk.

185
00:28:19,600 --> 00:28:22,570
沙鸡是他们的主要猎物
Sandgrouse here are their main prey.

186
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:33,390
日复一日  雄沙鸡都要冒着生命危险
Again and again, the male sandgrouse risk their lives

187
00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:36,010
来给雏鸟采水
in order to collect water for their chicks.

188
00:28:57,120 --> 00:29:02,140
这就是沙鸡巢离水坑如此远的原因
This is why sandgrouse nest so far from water holes.

189
00:29:26,410 --> 00:29:30,290
终于  他吸足了水
At last, he's soaked up as much as he can.

190
00:29:31,850 --> 00:29:34,760
带着自身体重四分之一的水
Carrying a quarter of his body weight in water,

191
00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:38,570
他开始漫长的归家旅程
he can now set off on the long journey home.

192
00:30:06,270 --> 00:30:09,160
到家了  时间刚刚好
He's back, and just in time.

193
00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:13,970
雏鸟可以喝上第一口水了
He can give the chicks their first ever drink.

194
00:30:21,590 --> 00:30:25,940
但在未来两个月  他依然每天都要
But he will have to undertake this perilous journey every day

195
00:30:25,940 --> 00:30:27,670
踏上这段危险的征程
for the next two months

196
00:30:27,750 --> 00:30:30,280
直到雏鸟长大
until his chicks can finally make the flight

197
00:30:30,290 --> 00:30:32,890
能独自飞到水坑
to the water hole for themselves.

198
00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:50,880
美国西部内华达州沙漠的七月
It's July in the deserts of Nevada in the western United States.

199
00:30:52,210 --> 00:30:54,440
是一年中最炎热的时候
The hottest time of the year.

200
00:31:08,710 --> 00:31:12,890
一群群美洲野马聚集在
Bands of wild horses, mustang, are converging on

201
00:31:12,900 --> 00:31:16,570
方圆几公里内仅存的水塘边
one of the last remaining water holes for miles.

202
00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:25,690
水不仅能用来喝
Now, water not only offers them the chance to drink,

203
00:31:26,150 --> 00:31:28,310
还能借此获得权力
it can also bring power.

204
00:31:31,520 --> 00:31:34,880
如果一头公马能够控制饮水权
If a stallion can control access to water,

205
00:31:34,880 --> 00:31:38,450
便拥有与群中所有母马交配的权利
he will have secured mating rights to the entire herd.

206
00:31:40,010 --> 00:31:43,070
所以公马们会试图独占水塘
So stallions try to dominate these pools,

207
00:31:43,070 --> 00:31:46,010
赶走所有想要靠近的竞争对手
fighting off rivals who venture too close.

208
00:31:59,490 --> 00:32:00,770
一位不速之客
A stranger.

209
00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:04,980
他跋涉了十六公里
He's travelled ten miles to be here

210
00:32:04,990 --> 00:32:08,730
因为他所在地方的水源已经完全干涸
because the pools where he's come from have already dried up.

211
00:32:12,930 --> 00:32:15,360
他身后跟着一群母马
With him come his females.

212
00:32:17,710 --> 00:32:20,800
如果他无法提供水源  她们都会离开
If he can't provide them with water, they will leave him

213
00:32:20,800 --> 00:32:24,640
跟这匹已经占有水池的白马在一起
for the white stallion who already dominates this pool.

214
00:32:35,940 --> 00:32:38,410
他必须选择战斗
So, he will have to fight.

215
00:33:41,190 --> 00:33:42,860
这一战至关重要
There is everything to lose.

216
00:33:44,650 --> 00:33:46,890
若是断了腿  或是碎了下巴
A broken leg or a shattered jaw

217
00:33:46,890 --> 00:33:49,910
就意味着死前将饱受折磨
would mean a slow and painful death.

218
00:34:11,440 --> 00:34:14,970
没踢中  一切都结束了
A missed kick, and it's all over.

219
00:34:17,150 --> 00:34:19,620
新来的马取得了胜利
The new arrival has won...

220
00:34:21,570 --> 00:34:25,310
他所获得的奖赏不只是可以喝水
and his prize is more than just the chance to drink.

221
00:34:26,020 --> 00:34:29,380
他为马群提供了水源  与此同时
He has provided for his herd, and in the process,

222
00:34:29,380 --> 00:34:31,730
抢走了竞争对手的后宫
stolen his rival's females.

223
00:34:33,690 --> 00:34:36,480
白马的统治已经结束
The white stallion's rule is over.

224
00:34:44,270 --> 00:34:48,820
沙漠中不仅水源稀缺
Desert life is not only shaped by the scarcity of water,

225
00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:54,130
更有炎炎烈日的残酷炙烤
but also by the relentless power of the sun.

226
00:35:00,750 --> 00:35:02,990
地球上的最高温度记录
The highest temperatures on Earth

227
00:35:02,990 --> 00:35:06,140
全部出现于沙漠中
have all been recorded in its deserts.

228
00:35:17,980 --> 00:35:21,200
气候变化让这里的温度
Changes in the climate mean temperatures here

229
00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:24,020
涨幅和速度都超过全球平均值
are rising more than the global average,

230
00:35:24,020 --> 00:35:27,970
随着温度升高  沙漠也在不断扩散
and as deserts heat up, they are also expanding.

231
00:35:30,160 --> 00:35:35,400
每年都有近十三万平方公里的草地和农田
Every year, a further 50,000 square miles of grass and farmland

232
00:35:35,470 --> 00:35:39,530
变成了贫瘠干涸的尘土沙石
are turning into barren stretches of dust and rock.

233
00:35:44,990 --> 00:35:46,370
一天中最热之时
In the heat of the day,

234
00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:50,570
沙漠地表温度可达七十一摄氏度
surface temperatures can reach 160 degrees,

235
00:35:50,950 --> 00:35:53,830
大多数生物都无法忍受
far too hot to handle for most.

236
00:35:56,110 --> 00:36:00,020
但这只铲吻蜥蜴却可以
But not for this shovel-snouted lizard.

237
00:36:04,490 --> 00:36:07,160
它将四肢轮流抬起
Raising its feet off the ground in turn...

238
00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:13,310
短暂降温一下
...enables each to briefly cool.

239
00:36:19,550 --> 00:36:22,790
可即便是这位耐热性极强的沙漠舞者
But even this dancing desert specialist

240
00:36:22,790 --> 00:36:24,860
也无法长时间忍受高温
can't stand the heat for long.

241
00:36:33,880 --> 00:36:36,590
一个办法是寻找阴凉
One option is to find shade.

242
00:36:41,290 --> 00:36:45,900
沙丘草是这里唯一的植物  近乎无荫可寻
Dune grass, the only vegetation here, provides virtually none,

243
00:36:46,750 --> 00:36:49,730
但仅仅是沙子表面下几厘米处
but just an inch beneath the surface of the sand,

244
00:36:49,730 --> 00:36:51,980
温度都要低上几度
it is several degrees cooler.

245
00:37:00,150 --> 00:37:05,540
为躲避难耐的高温  沙漠动物有了自己的节奏
Avoiding the extreme heat imposes a rhythm on desert life.

246
00:37:08,030 --> 00:37:12,240
许多动物都选择了最简单的解决方案...
And many animals here choose the simplest option of all...

247
00:37:15,020 --> 00:37:16,730
白天隐匿在各处
staying hidden all day,

248
00:37:16,900 --> 00:37:20,090
只在凉爽的夜晚外出活动
and only venturing out in the cool of the night.

249
00:37:29,150 --> 00:37:34,520
夜幕降临  动物纷纷从各处冒出
As darkness falls, animals appear from seemingly nowhere.

250
00:37:41,470 --> 00:37:44,400
而这之中  必然存在
And, among them, inevitably,

251
00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:46,760
猎食者
are hunters.

252
00:38:02,330 --> 00:38:05,700
其中最贪婪的夜间捕食者
One of the most voracious nocturnal predators

253
00:38:05,700 --> 00:38:09,180
也最难寻觅它们的踪迹
is also one of the hardest to see.

254
00:38:11,830 --> 00:38:13,700
这个神秘的生物
This mysterious creature

255
00:38:13,700 --> 00:38:16,780
鲜少出现在沙丘表面
hardly ever appears on the surface of the dunes.

256
00:38:23,860 --> 00:38:28,040
但沙子的移动  却泄露了它的行踪
But there are signs on the sand that can give it away.

257
00:38:42,160 --> 00:38:43,420
它只生活在
It lives only here,

258
00:38:43,420 --> 00:38:46,930
沙粒干燥光滑的地区
where the sand grains are so perfectly dry and polished,

259
00:38:46,930 --> 00:38:49,750
让它们可以如流水般行动自如
that they flow almost like water.

260
00:38:53,030 --> 00:38:55,610
它的体型还没有乒乓球大
It's no bigger than a ping-pong ball.

261
00:39:00,210 --> 00:39:01,850
一只金毛鼹鼠
A golden mole.

262
00:39:02,790 --> 00:39:04,600
它的视力已完全退化
It's totally blind,

263
00:39:05,580 --> 00:39:08,450
但地下本来也没有什么可看的
but there's nothing to see underground anyway.

264
00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:17,710
取而代之的是它极佳的听觉
Instead, it has superb hearing.

265
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:23,160
它的头犹如扩音器
Its entire head acts as an amplifier

266
00:39:23,160 --> 00:39:25,890
能够捕捉通过沙子传来的振动
that picks up vibrations through the sand,

267
00:39:26,180 --> 00:39:29,410
所以  为了定位沙丘表面上的猎物
so, to locate prey on the surface of the dune,

268
00:39:29,410 --> 00:39:34,280
它反而矛盾地将脸埋进沙子里
it has, paradoxically, to thrust its face into the dune.

269
00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:44,370
白蚁
Termites.

270
00:39:45,110 --> 00:39:47,640
双目失明自然不太好捉
Not easy to catch when you're blind.

271
00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:54,820
最好还是切换成隐身模式
Far better to go into stealth mode.

272
00:39:56,350 --> 00:39:58,160
一旦潜入沙中
Once below the sand,

273
00:39:58,160 --> 00:40:01,170
金毛鼹鼠可以感知微弱的震动
it can detect the slightest movement...

274
00:40:04,290 --> 00:40:08,170
让它能发动精准袭击
allowing it to strike with pinpoint accuracy.

275
00:40:17,500 --> 00:40:19,760
大多数时候是这样
Well, most of the time.

276
00:40:32,490 --> 00:40:35,290
它们一晚可以行进1.1公里
They can travel two thirds of a mile a night

277
00:40:35,290 --> 00:40:36,880
来寻找晚餐
in search of its dinner...

278
00:40:39,640 --> 00:40:44,200
现在  它刚刚发现了自己的主菜
and right now, it has just detected its main course.

279
00:40:45,690 --> 00:40:50,300
难怪它有时候被称作“沙丘之鲨”
Little wonder it's sometimes called "The shark of the dunes".

280
00:40:58,590 --> 00:41:03,110
食物在沙漠中非常稀缺  即便是在夜晚
Food can be so scarce in the desert that, even at night,

281
00:41:03,110 --> 00:41:07,550
动物们也无权挑剔自己的饮食
animals can't afford to be choosy about what they eat.

282
00:41:13,420 --> 00:41:16,030
在以色列的内盖夫沙漠
Israel's Negev desert.

283
00:41:25,490 --> 00:41:30,740
中东尖耳蝠  沙漠中的长耳蝙蝠  正在捕猎
Otonycteris, the desert long-eared bat, is on the hunt.

284
00:41:34,780 --> 00:41:38,010
大多数蝙蝠在飞行中捕捉飞虫
Most bats catch flying insects on the wing,

285
00:41:38,370 --> 00:41:40,670
但在沙漠中飞虫数量极少
but there are so few of these in the desert

286
00:41:40,670 --> 00:41:43,600
这只蝙蝠必须另寻他路
that this bat must do things differently.

287
00:41:47,490 --> 00:41:50,150
它必须在地面捕猎
It has to hunt on the ground.

288
00:41:57,440 --> 00:42:01,700
但真正让它与众不同的是它的猎物
But what really sets it apart is what it's hunting...

289
00:42:09,740 --> 00:42:12,050
一只以色列金蝎
A deathstalker scorpion.

290
00:42:13,370 --> 00:42:18,040
这种蝎子的毒液足以毒死一个人
The venom of this species is potent enough to kill a human.

291
00:42:19,610 --> 00:42:24,370
捕捉毒蝎对于仅有十四克重的蝙蝠来说近乎疯狂
Tackling it seems madness for a bat weighing just half an ounce.

292
00:42:28,740 --> 00:42:30,270
周围一片漆黑
In the pitch-black,

293
00:42:30,270 --> 00:42:33,360
猎食者和猎物都丧失了视力
both predator and prey are effectively blind,

294
00:42:34,130 --> 00:42:36,560
但是蝎子有一项优势
but the scorpion has one advantage...

295
00:42:36,710 --> 00:42:39,070
他能够通过沙子的振动
he can sense the approach of the bat

296
00:42:39,180 --> 00:42:41,800
感知到蝙蝠的靠近
through vibrations in the sand.

297
00:42:45,120 --> 00:42:49,900
尖耳蝠则要完全依靠自己的听觉
Otonycteris must rely entirely on its hearing.

298
00:42:50,720 --> 00:42:54,470
如果蝎子不动  它就无法感知其位置
If the scorpion doesn't move, it won't know it's there.

299
00:43:09,640 --> 00:43:10,990
战斗打响了
The battle is on.

300
00:43:13,970 --> 00:43:18,030
凭借强大的双钳和一根毒刺
Armed with crushing pincers and a sting loaded with venom,

301
00:43:18,050 --> 00:43:20,970
这只毒蝎是一个危险的对手
this scorpion is a dangerous opponent.

302
00:43:34,740 --> 00:43:36,940
蝙蝠脑袋遭到一记猛刺
A direct strike on the head.

303
00:43:39,840 --> 00:43:41,150
战斗结束了吗
Is it all over?

304
00:43:45,170 --> 00:43:47,080
对这只蝙蝠来说并没有
Not for this bat.

305
00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:06,790
尖耳蝠显然对毒液有一定的免疫
Otonycteris clearly has some immunity to the venom,

306
00:44:07,270 --> 00:44:11,800
但连续的猛刺给它带来了难言的剧痛
but repeated stings must still be extraordinarily painful.

307
00:44:19,790 --> 00:44:21,900
如果这只蝙蝠不想挨饿
And if the bat is not to go hungry,

308
00:44:21,900 --> 00:44:26,040
它必须在日出之前再抓住三只蝎子
it must catch another three scorpions before sunrise.

309
00:44:55,020 --> 00:44:58,710
沙漠动物进化出了非凡的策略
Desert animals have developed remarkable strategies

310
00:44:58,710 --> 00:45:02,590
来充分利用难得的良机
to make the most of the rare opportunities that come their way.

311
00:45:04,730 --> 00:45:08,360
虽然有些沙漠也许数年都不会下雨
Although some deserts may not see rain for several years,

312
00:45:08,430 --> 00:45:12,400
但大多数都会以各种形式储存少量的水分
most will hold a little water in one form or another.

313
00:45:13,320 --> 00:45:16,900
诀窍在于如何获取水分
The trick is simply knowing how to reach it.

314
00:45:25,690 --> 00:45:28,760
破晓时分  纳米布沙漠的沙丘上
Dawn in the dunes of the Namib,

315
00:45:29,070 --> 00:45:31,590
神奇的现象正在发生
and something magical is happening.

316
00:45:51,080 --> 00:45:54,470
大西洋沿岸上空的湿空气
Moist air lying over the neighbouring Atlantic

317
00:45:54,470 --> 00:45:57,060
冷却并被吹至内陆
is cooled and blown inland,

318
00:45:57,150 --> 00:46:01,030
形成雾堤  笼罩沙漠
forming fog banks that shroud the desert in mist.

319
00:46:08,670 --> 00:46:13,360
这些珍贵的水汽诱人地弥漫在沙丘顶部
This precious moisture lies tantalisingly out of reach

320
00:46:13,360 --> 00:46:16,900
难以触及  而且不会久留
at the top of the dunes, and it won't last long.

321
00:46:17,670 --> 00:46:22,070
太阳升起数小时后就会被烤干
It'll be burnt off by the sun just hours after it rises.

322
00:46:38,030 --> 00:46:41,410
拟步甲狂奔至沙丘顶部
Darkling beetles race to the top of the dunes

323
00:46:41,410 --> 00:46:44,080
要赶在薄雾消失之前吸收水分
to reach the fog before it vanishes.

324
00:46:53,460 --> 00:46:57,490
纳米布的沙丘有些高达三百米
Some of the Namib's dunes are 1,000 feet high,

325
00:46:58,140 --> 00:46:59,820
堪称世界之最
the tallest in the world.

326
00:47:01,600 --> 00:47:05,590
对于拇指盖大小的甲虫来说  攀爬距离相当于
For a beetle no larger than a thumbnail, this is the equivalent

327
00:47:05,590 --> 00:47:09,230
人类攀爬一座比珠穆朗玛峰高两倍的沙丘
of us climbing a dune twice the height of Everest.

328
00:47:14,010 --> 00:47:17,990
但更令人印象深刻的是它接下来的举动
But even more impressive is what it does next.

329
00:47:22,870 --> 00:47:26,310
身体正直  迎面朝风
Standing perfectly still, facing into the wind,

330
00:47:26,310 --> 00:47:29,040
甲虫倒立在沙丘上
the beetle does a headstand.

331
00:47:32,310 --> 00:47:35,380
薄雾开始在它身上凝结成水滴
Fog begins to condense on its body.

332
00:47:38,760 --> 00:47:41,340
鞘翅上的小凸起
Microscopic bumps on its wing cases

333
00:47:41,340 --> 00:47:45,390
将水引到通向嘴部的一个小沟渠里
direct the water to grooves that channel it towards the mouth.

334
00:47:50,950 --> 00:47:53,420
在回到背风坡上之前
Before returning down the slip face,

335
00:47:53,540 --> 00:47:56,560
它要喝下百分之四十体重的水分
it will drink 40% of its body weight.

336
00:48:01,730 --> 00:48:03,740
这只小甲虫学会了
This little beetle has learned

337
00:48:03,740 --> 00:48:06,710
如何在地球上最干燥的地方之一
how to conjure water out of the air

338
00:48:07,260 --> 00:48:10,420
从空气中变出水来
in one of the driest places on earth.

339
00:48:13,940 --> 00:48:17,630
然而它并非沙丘顶部唯一的访客
And it's not alone on the top of the dunes.

340
00:48:24,150 --> 00:48:27,340
蹼趾虎也采用了相似的办法
Web-footed geckos use a similar trick.

341
00:48:37,570 --> 00:48:41,800
肯定少有动物跋涉更远的距离去获取水分
Surely, few animals go to greater lengths to get a drink.

342
00:49:00,850 --> 00:49:05,120
不幸的是  纳米比亚变色龙知道在薄雾弥漫的早晨
Unfortunately, Namaqua chameleons know that on foggy mornings,

343
00:49:05,120 --> 00:49:07,550
从沙丘上下来的甲虫
the beetles coming down the dunes

344
00:49:07,550 --> 00:49:10,190
会比上去的更多汁
are juicier than those going up.

345
00:49:22,170 --> 00:49:25,370
在这样一个水资源完全匮乏的世界
The diversity of life that thrives in a world

346
00:49:25,390 --> 00:49:29,460
生物多样性如此之高  确实令人惊叹
almost totally devoid of water is truly remarkable.

347
00:49:32,220 --> 00:49:33,790
在沙漠中成功存活
Success in the desert

348
00:49:33,790 --> 00:49:37,960
依靠的是数百万年进化而来的
depends on an extraordinary variety of survival strategies

349
00:49:37,960 --> 00:49:40,590
非凡多样的生存策略
that have evolved over millions of years.

350
00:49:42,970 --> 00:49:45,630
但我们的地球正遭受着变故
But our planet is changing.

351
00:49:48,580 --> 00:49:52,590
世界沙漠的面积在扩大  温度更高  更加干燥
The world's deserts are growing bigger, hotter and drier,

352
00:49:52,810 --> 00:49:56,090
而且在以史无前例的速度变化着
and they're doing so faster than ever before.

353
00:49:57,730 --> 00:50:03,150
沙漠生命在未来如何存活  依旧有待观察
How life will cope here in the future remains to be seen.

354
00:50:10,050 --> 00:50:15,400
下一集  我们将探访地球上的平原
Next time, we journey to the world's great plains,

355
00:50:16,450 --> 00:50:21,790
壮观的野生动物群在那里适应着极端的变化
where spectacular gatherings of
wildlife cope with extreme change...

356
00:50:23,960 --> 00:50:28,280
而奇妙的生物  有着意想不到的生存方式
...and surprising creatures survive in unexpected ways.